Integrating Israel into the Middle East
The Jewish state is not an intruder in the Middle East. It is the extension and the representative of one of the most ancient civilizations of this part of the world.

Is Pan-Arabism a Nationalism without a Nation?
For a long period of time those called Arabs were the tribes living in the Arabian Peninsula… After the Islamic conquests, the number of Arabic-speakers began to rise. These new Arabic-speakers could not claim descent from the Arabs, and for many centuries they were not viewed as Arabs, nor did they consider themselves to be such.

Is the Iranian-Syrian Axis Lasting?
Allies in the “evil axis” of President Bush, Iran and Syria are however two distinctly different states. Is this strategic entente safe from change?

National-Islamism : an Iranian Paradox?
Sometimes “pan-Shi’a”, sometimes “Perso-centric”, what seems to be an Iranian paradox is not. In reality, there is a traditional dialectic between these two articulations : pan-Shi’ism reinforces the positions of the Iranian nation-state as a regional actor while the existence of a Shi’a sanctuary reinforces the will for the whole Moslem world to convert to Shi’ism.

Syria Insulated Within the Arab League
The association between Bashar el-Assad's regime and the Islamic Republic of Iran can be accounted for by the growing insulation of Syria within its Arab environment. But has Damascus, the last stronghold of pan-Arabic nationalism, reached the point of no return in its confrontation with the “moderate Arab axis” represented by Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Jordan?